SAY / TELL

Say is never followed by an indirect object, but tell is usually followed by an indirect personal object - ie. we say something and we tell somebody something.
We use say when we are not interested in who was spoken to or with we know that already and we use tell when we want to draw attention to the person being spoken to.
Say can be used to express any kind of speech whereas tell normally means 'instruct' or 'inform' .
If we want to use a personal object after say, then we must also use 'to' before the object. Say is always followed by a that whereas can be followed by a that clause, an infinitive, a question word + infinitive, or a noun clause.


Read about some other verbs that we can use instead of ‘say’ and ‘tell’ to make reported speech more varied and to give more meaning to the sentence.

As you learn each word, it is important to take note of the grammatical structures that can follow them. Listed here are the most common, but you may come across different forms as well.


1. admit – to confess that something is true
to admit doing something
to admit that...
Eg.
She admitted borrowing the necklace.
She admitted that she had borrowed the necklace.

2. argue – to put forward reasons for or against something
to argue that…
to argue + noun phrase
Eg.
He argued that he was innocent.
He argued his innocence.

3. complain – to express displeasure at something
to complain that…
to complain about something
Eg.
She complained that he was rude.
She complained about his rudeness

4. imply – to suggest something as a possibility
to imply that someone is something
to imply that someone should do something
Eg.
He implied that the defendant was guilty.
He implied that I should tell the truth.

5. insist – to express a strong belief about something
to insist that someone do something
to insist that someone should do something
Eg.
I insist that you take my car.
I insist that you should take my car.

6. observe – to make a note of something/to remark
to observe that…
Eg.
He observed that she looked tired.

7. propose – to put forward as an idea/to suggest
to propose that someone do something
to propose that someone should do something
Eg.
He proposed that they leave.
He proposed that they should leave.

8. suggest – to put forward as an idea/to propose
to suggest that someone should do something
to suggest that someone do something
to suggest + –ing form
Eg.
She suggested that we should join the party.
She suggested that we join the party.
She suggested joining the party.

9. urge – to recommend or advocate something strongly
to urge that someone should do something
to urge someone to do something
Eg.
She urged that the minister should resign.
She urged me to have some more cake.

DEALING WITH AN OFFENSIVE BEHAVIOUR

Feeling embarrassed is another way of saying that you feel unconfortable, that is to say you are feeling ill-at-ease and maybe self-conscious.
She never thinks about how she might be hurting the feelings of others. She's really insensitive.
My brother is so tactless - he is always indiscreet and doesn't seem to understand appropriate behaviour. The first time he met his mother-in-law, he asked how old she was!
You must talk to her because she's ever so upset. She's really hurt by the way you behaved.

Furious is an adjective used to describe somebody who is angry; outraged can have the same meaning, but it can also used to describe somebody whose anger stems from something that is unjust or wrong.

Brutal describe somebody who is extremely cruel. It is the adjective in the table with the strongest meaning.

words

1. gathering = an assembling or meeting


2. bother = to give trouble, annoy ,pester, worry


3. Examples: Why do we bother to make a small talk at social gatherings?

1. a close friend


2. a slight acquaintance


3. a complete stranger

POLITE ADVICE

1. When you want to give polite advice, use a modal form
2. The following modals are used to give advice politely: may, could, should, might, would.
3. Examples:

• I would take an umbrella if I were you.
• You should go and see the dentist.
• It may help if you don´t talk about race.

AVOIDING TABOOS

1. It might be a good idea not to mention politics = Don't mention politics.
2. You shouldn't mention politics at the dinner table = No talking abou politics at dinner
3. It would be safer to steer clear about politics = Steer clear of politics (STEER = to guide the course of . Ex. I can steer you to the best restaurant in town).

1. gathering = an assembling or meeting


2. bother = to give trouble, annoy ,pester, worry


3. Examples: Why do we bother to make a small talk at social gatherings?

1. a close friend


2. a slight acquaintance


3. a complete stranger

1. Politics is another no-go area.

BRITISH ENG

You are cold. You want a cover for your hotel bed. You want an elderdown
You can't get any water in the bathroom. There's a problem with the taps.

WRITTING FOR BUSINESS

1. employee basic package
2. employee advance package
3. company structure
4. working environment

• Overtime culture

WORDS

1. spreadsheets = planilhas
2. forefront
3. goglobal = work internationally
4. flatten out our company structure. Ex. As part of the reorganisation, we plan to flatten out company structure
5. bid = lance
6. set our sights on
7. main aim

PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS

1. Listen empathetically
2. Motivate for success
3. adapt to workplaca norms
4. maintain composure in a crisis.
5. juggle priorities
6. facilitate meetings
7. negotiate a win-win outcome
8. diffuse tension.

• way up = pros cons
• eye in the future = what are expecting people want to know
• leader = fight for the people around
• management skills = to be consistent
• born leader

VOCABULARY

- Get down to business - start to get serious/negotiate business
- Touch base with - talk to smb about smt
- cut down the chase - set to the point
- take it to the next level - progress and move things forward
- think outside the box - think imaginatively of new and different things.
- out of the loop - smb who is not up to date with information about smt.
- a ballpark figure - arough estimate.
- on the ball - well informated / alert/ knowledgeable
- out the same page - agree with smb
- callings the shots - making the decision.
- pulling the strings - she sill be the 1 in charge.
- appraisal system - a method ofevaluating hte performance of an employee

EXAMPLES

1- Can I have a quick word? I just want to touch base with you about this report.

2- I like to get straight to the point - so, to cut the chase I think it's too expensive.

3- I can't give you an exact amount, but I can give you a ballpark figure.

4- I don't want to waste anymore time talking. Let's get down to business.

5- Well. It's your decision. You're calling the shots.

6- He's great manager, really well informed, very on the ball
-

REPORT

TITLE
The heading of the report; lays out its key aims.

- Terms of reference : explains the content of the report and may include the name of the person who is requesting it and writting it.

- Procedure: explains the exact methods that were used to compile the report.

- Findings: provides information on what was discovered during the course of the investigation

- Conclusion: provideslogical conclusions that can be drawn from the findings.

- Recommendations: presents the report writer's recommended course of action, based on the findings and conclusion.

LOOK

- LOOK OUT - be careful
- LOOK INTO - try to find out more / to investigate smt
- LOOK AFTER - take care of smt or smo
- LOOK FOR - try to find smt or smo
- LOOK THROUGH - read or examine smt usually quickly

- He looked through the report on the train on his way work
- They really looked up to their boss because he was a very inspirating character.
- He wasn't sure how to greet the Japanese clients so he looked up some words in a phrase book.
- I can't find the original contract eventhough I've looked for it everywhere.
- I've looked into your complaint and assure you I'll do everything I can to recify the matter.
- He was really looking forward to starting his new job.
- AS he looked back on his time with the company, he left sad to be retiring.
- His colleague looked after him while he felt sick.
-The projections look ahead to the end of the year.